University of South Alabama Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of South Alabama is a public research university  with an acceptance rate of 79%. Located in Mobile, Alabama, USA is comprised of more than 100 programs within nine colleges. Popular undergraduate majors include health, business, education, and engineering. USA has an 18-to-1 student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 24. Outside of the classroom, students can choose from over 200 clubs and activities ranging from academic honor societies, to recreational sports, to performing arts ensembles. In athletics, the University of South Alabama Jaguars compete in the NCAA Division I  Sun Belt Conference.   Considering applying to University of South Alabama? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, the University of South Alabama had an acceptance rate of 79%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 79 students were admitted, making USAs admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 6,555 Percent Admitted 79% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 37% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of South Alabama requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 9% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 530 630 Math 510 610 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of South Alabamas admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of USAs admitted students scored between 530 and 630, while 25% scored below 530 and 25% scored above 630. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 510 and 610, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 610. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1240 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at the University of South Alabama. Requirements The University of South Alabama does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that USA does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements The University of South Alabama requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 94% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 21 29 Math 19 26 Composite 21 27 This admissions data tells us that most of University of South Alabamas admitted students fall within the  top 42% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to USA received a composite ACT score between 21 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 21. Requirements The University of South Alabama does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. The optional ACT writing section is not required by the University of South Alabama. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of the University of South Alabamas incoming freshmen class was 3.70, and nearly half of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.75 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to the University of South Alabama have primarily A grades. Admissions Chances The University of South Alabama, which accepts over three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions pool with above average grades and test scores.  If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average range, you have a strong chance of being accepted. The University of South Alabama generally admits applicants with a minimum ACT composite score of 19 or above, a minimum SAT score of 990 or above, and a minimum GPA of 2.5 and above. However, USA also uses a  holistic admission  approach that considers academic achievement in  rigorous coursework. Potential applicants should have a minimum of four years of English; three years of math; three years of natural science (including 2 with lab component), three years of social science, and three years of advanced electives. Applicants with extenuating circumstances who do not meet USAs admission standards may file an appeal and submit additional information to be considered for admission. The University of South Alabama will consider letters of recommendation, personal essays, and resumes which describe special talents and skills in the appeal process.  Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and test scores are outside the University of South Alabamas average range. If You Like University of South Alabama, You May Also Like These Schools University of MobileSamford UniversityFlorida State UniversitySewanee - University of the SouthAuburn UniversityMississippi State University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of South Alabama Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Aristotle on Justice - 2000 Words

In this paper, I shall address two central contemporary criticisms of Aristotles conception of justice. These criticisms of Aristotles account of specific justice have focused on two central problems. First, Aristotles insistence that all specifically unjust actions are motivated by pleonexia Pleonexia can be understood as the desire to have more of some socially availablegood, and is usually translated as greed or acquisitiveness. Close . Second, Aristotle does not identify a deficient vice with respect to justice. This violates his golden mean doctrine with respect to virtue. Without the identification of the deficient vice with respect to justice, then justice must not be a virtue of character. Due to considerations of†¦show more content†¦Defending ones home, fighting against invaders, when they are attacking the state to preserve ones family and friends is an example of the application of these qualifications on the virtue of courage. Considering how this action affects the overall well being of others, we are considering how the action is generally just. In sum, the distinction being made here is that the same virtue can be seen all by itself, as a part of the character of an individual only, and where the virtue is in relation to another person in a particular political community, and its effects on the well being of others in that political community. We have the same state considered from dif ferent perspectives. Aristotle says that justice is spoken of in two ways: as lawful and as fair. I will discuss general justice first in order to distinguish it from specific justice. Generally speaking, general justice is concerned with the common good of the community. In the Politics, Aristotle refers to justice as being a communal virtue. Similarly, then, we shall say that virtue has a just claim in the dispute, since [general] justice, we say, is a communal (koinoniken) virtue, which all the other virtues necessarily accompany (Pol.1283a36-39 trans. Reeve [modified]). This communal or relational aspect of justice shows up both in general and specific justice. I shall discuss the communal orShow MoreRelatedGreek Justice : Plato And Aristotle1085 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophers and Justice as the Greek World Expands in 400-150 BCE Justice could be the defined as the quality of being fair and reasonable, during the period of 400-150 BCE when the Greek civilization was being formed. Plato and Aristotle are philosphers, who are leading figures of ancient Greek civilization and both discussed justice and established theories about the views of being just. Plato was a student of Socrates, and Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle and Plato had differentRead MorePlato And Aristotle On Justice And Law1565 Words   |  7 Pages Plato and Aristotle lived in a time where rule of man was the common practice in government. Under the system of the rule of man, citizens are governed by an individual or small group of rulers. On the other hand, the idea of the rule of law is one that proposes that laws should be supreme over each citizen including the ruler(s). In their writings, Plato and Aristotle focused on justice and law, and the reasons they are important in society. Throughout history, many leaders have looked to theseRead MoreAristotle s Views On Justice2537 Words   |  11 PagesAristotle on Justice as Equality Aristotle forwards the view that justice is equality. Crucial to his view of equality is that equality means treating what is similar similarly and what is dissimilar dissimilarly. This is as opposed to more modern understandings of equality which maintain overlooking relevant dissimilarities. However, there is an apparent emptiness to Aristotle’s idea of equality, for in any difference of treatment between individuals or groups there is always some difference betweenRead MoreAristotle s Views On Justice Essay1904 Words   |  8 PagesThe philosophical argument of what defines justice is a debate that has persisted since the origins of human society. Socrates in Plato’s Republic states that â€Å"So long as I do not know what the just is, I shall hardly know whether it is a virtue or not and whether the one who has it is unhappy or happy†(The Republic, Pg 34). Without knowledge on what justice means, it is impossible to determine if an action is good or bad. Ari stotle views Justice as an appropriate balance of virtues away from vicesRead MoreAristotle And Kant s Theory Of Justice1327 Words   |  6 Pages To compare philosophers Aristotle and Immanuel Kant is essentially to compare modern philosophy to classic philosophy. Aristotle’s theory of justice links together ethics and politics; while Kant’s theory of justice is based on strictly defined principles of morality. Modern philosopher Michael J. Sandel provides a detailed analysis of each theory in his book Justice: What’s the Right Thing to do? Although the key features of Aristotle’s and Kant’s theories are mostly different in nature, thereRead MoreJustice: Plato vs. Aristotle Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagesand Aristotle, arguably the most important philosophers of their time, both made attempts to define justice. Being that Aristotle was a student of Plato, their ideas share many similarities. Both viewed justice as the harmonious interaction of p eople in a society. However, Plato defined his ideal of justice with more usage of metaphysics, invoking his Form of the Good, while Aristotle took a more practical approach, speaking in terms of money and balance. Although Aristotles ideal of justice mayRead MoreAristotle s Views On Morality And Justice Essay2066 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Aristotle is considered one of, if not the greatest, philosophers of all time. This paper will discuss Aristotle’s understanding of the relationship between ethics and justice, ethical philosophies interpreted by other, but distinct, philosophers, Aristotle’s virtue theory and justice philosophy, as discussed in his book, Nicomachean Ethics: Book V, and how western ethics and justice concepts effect existing American civil and criminal justice systems. Ethics and Justice AccordingRead MoreAristotle and Plato: Death Action and Justice1284 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle and Plato: Death, Action and Justice Ancient philosophers wrestled considerably with the questions of right and wrong, good and evil, just and unjust. The struggle to understand and define these various dynamics was cast into constant debate, especially in the context of the pagan and imperial Athenian state. Here, thinkers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle would continually advance the discussion on how best to define man, both practically and ethically. In the two prompting statementsRead MoreA Theory Of Justice And If Aristotle Ran General Motors1684 Words   |  7 Pagessuccess. If I were to create my own business I would attempt to create a culture in which the employees and community respected my business and the work I tried to accomplish for the community. Through the work of John Rawl’s, â€Å"A Theory of Justice† and â€Å"If Aristotle Ran General Motors† I have created a list of values that I would uphold in my own business in order to ensure a culture that promotes this type of suc cess. These values I would advocate for are honesty, communication, compassion, and beautyRead MoreA Definition Of Justice By Aristotle And The Star Spangled Banner2010 Words   |  9 Pagessociety has gained their independence by creating justice for themselves while producing inequalities for others; some affected by â€Å"justice† were people with different ideas than government, slaves, women and free African-Americans. Aristotle’s â€Å"A Definition of Justice† describes the differences of the state with an oligarchy and democracy as government. In both systems of government, Aristotle states men have a misconception of justice. â€Å"Justice is thought by them to be, and is, equality, not, however

Cultural Differences Betterment of the Society

Question: Describe about the Cultural Differences for Betterment of the Society. Answer: Introduction Cultural differences refer to the differences among people in terms of their beliefs, values, convictions, behaviors, definitions of right and wrong, ethics etc. Such differences can make the same action or activity to be considered as good in one society while offending and selfish in another society (Price, 2013). Culture is something, which can be seen as a consequence of civilization of people, mythical stories, folk tales and continuous history. And cultural differences arise between countries as different countries share different histories, evolution and mythical stories (Verbeke, 2010). It is very important to study and understand these differences because of its wide applications in different aspects of life and growing popularity. Business corporates need to understand cultural differences to formulate their strategy in different countries. Historical studies make references of cultural differences to validate and research on history (Vianelli, 2013). Marketing activities n eed to understand cultural differences so as to make advertising more appealing in different countries without hurting any community. Cultural differences are also important area of research for Phycologists. Such differences have wide application in political, economic areas of any country (Abdullah, 2009). They are used to establish peach also. The objective of this report is to discuss the cultural differences between China and USA. Analysis: Cultural Differences It is also very important to know the strengths and weaknesses of each culture, their diversity and how they can be leveraged in the betterment of the society as a whole. Also, some cultures converge in some of the areas raising a question if the cultures share same history. In course of this report, cultural differences the top 2 economies of the world i.e. between China and US will be compared (Meissner, 2012). Hofstedes develops a very powerful model to study and understand cultural differences. Initially, this model has 4 dimensions to study the cultural differences but it has been refined over a period of time and now it has 6 dimensions. This model is accepted worldwide. China and USA countries will be compared based on the 6 dimensions suggested by Hofstede. Power distance Index Power distance refers to the degree to which people accepts the unequal power distribution in the society. This index actually suggests societys level of inequality, which is endorsed and accepted by both followers as well as leaders. Power distance in China is very high i.e. 80 as compared to 40 in US. Worlds average of this power index is 55. High power index for China simply means that high level of inequality is accepted by society in China. It means that people are influenced by the formal authority and nothing much can be done in case of power abuse by those having higher powers. It can also imply a hierarchical structure. People also liked to be led by the leaders (Bos, Brockner, Oudenalder, Kamble, Nasabi, 2013). This is quite high as compared to power index of US, which is very low. Low power index in US means that there is higher degree of equality among people in government, business organizations and families. This means the structure is flat and there are not many rules and regulations prepared separately for different sections of society. Individualism This refers to the degree of interdependence among people in a society. In individualistic societies, people generally think of themselves above the group and are not concerned much about society. In collectivist societies, people cooperate with each other in-group, socialize together and share strong bond between them (Razak, 2016). China has very low score of 20 compared to US, which has very high score of 91. This means that people in US are much more professional and task oriented while in China, people are relationship oriented. Also, people in china have huge social circle because of collectivism and prefers to celebrate festivals with their families and friends while in People in US have very limited social circles and prefer to celebrate with their direct families. People in US keep their professional and personnel life separate while this is not the case in China. An ALs, US person stress more on privacy and individual achievements and does not care much about reputation and their image in society (Beck, 2014). On the other hand, people in china are too much concerned about their image in the society and take reputation very seriously. Masculinity Masculine attributes are strength, achievements, success, competitions, assertiveness and Feminine attributes are relationship oriented, quality of life, caring, showing concern for others. Masculine societies prefer to manage the conflicts through war and force while feminine societies prefer negotiations. Societies having higher masculine score generally have higher masculine attributes and there is not much overlapping between the males and females section of society. There are roles and responsibilities clearly defined for males and females. On the other hand, Feminine societies have higher level of overlapping between males and females. This index is high for both China and US. That means people in China and US identified themselves with the words like Success, competition. This score is higher for China as compared to US which also implies that Chinese works more to earn more and achieve success and sacrifice their leisure to spend time at work. Masculine dominated societies also have strong feelings of egos and competition and concerned about their career. Uncertainty avoidance index It refers to the degree to which people feel threatened by uncertainty and try to control the uncertainty by controlling it. The score of China for uncertainty avoidance index is very low as compared to US. This means that china societies have less sense of urgency and comfortable in dealing with unknown. Chinese are open to embrace change and inclined towards open-ended decision-making. Also, Titles are not given much importance and showing off should be avoidable. US have higher score and they try to control life. Societies with higher score uncertainty avoidance tend to be more stressful as people tends to control everything no matter it is in their control or not. In US, people tend to be more logical, scientific and reasonable in accepting the various ideas while in china it is not the case. People in US will not believe in historical truths, spirituality unless they see the logic in that. They are more scientific in their approach and always look for a reason (Talhel,, Zhang, O ishi, Shimin, Duan, Lan, Kityama, 2014). Such societies are more innovative because they question the status quo. People in China are more traditional and conservative in believing the folk tales and trust their ancestors. Long-term orientation It refers to degree to which society maintain and uphold its traditions in past in dealing with the future situations. This score is very high in china and very low in US. Societies having high long-term orientation score tend to be more pragmatic and believe that truth depends on time and circumstances. People are modest; ask questions and more willing to compromise. They avoid self-obsession. US have very low score on long term orientation which means that people take themselves very seriously and always ready to oversell themselves which means they are self obsessed. Also, People are not much willing to compromise, as compromise is perceived as an attribute of weak. In US, people are more concerned with quick profits and short term gains as compared to long term gains while in China, there is culture of saving quite popular as people tends to think about long term. Indulgence Indulgences refer to the degree to which people try to control whims and desires and instant gratification. US have a very high score of indulgence while China score low on this parameter. This means that people in US have less control over their whims and desires while people in China have more control over their desires and does not believe much in instant gratification (Heslop, 2014). This is the reason people in US tend to enjoy leisure more, went to travel around world more, enjoy their food and drinks in pubs and does not save much money for future. It can also be said that US people not able to save because of weak controls and their inability to control themselves. People in china do not give much importance to leisure time and control their desires and gratification (Bishop, Hoang, Bone, Steinberg, 2016). Chinese have the ability to save money for future and thus does not spend much in leisure and enjoyment activities. Some other common Cultural differences Apart from parameters defined by Hofstedes model, there are other cultural differences also. Lets look at few: Empathy People in China are very empathetic towards the needs of others. People will put themselves in shoes of each other to understand the situation from others point of view. They treat other people well and also like to be treated well (Valencia, 2011). However, culture in US is not very empathetic towards the needs of others. This can also be explained by Individualism Vs collectivism parameter of Hofstede model. In china, People prefer to be a part of group (Moran, Abramson, Moran, 2014). In US, People look for high IQ (intelligence quotient) while in China people prefer to have high EQ (Emotional intelligence). Time sensitivity People in US are very professional and committed to their deadlines much more than Chinese. Chinese have little laid back attitude in this respect. If someone joins the meeting late by 10, 15 minutes, it is perfectly acceptable in China unlike US (Ahadi, Rothbart, Ye, 1993). Respect to ancestors People stay with their elders in China while it is not the case in US. From the early age, everyone prefers independence and people generally dont stay with their parents after 18-19 years of age (Frost, 2011). There are many traditions in China where people respect their ancestors, visit the grave of dead people once a year and pay their honor. Desire to showoff and consumerism: In chine, People are not ostentatious as compared to the people in US. That is why; Consumerism is very high in US as people have the nature to buy the things to show off even when they dont need it (Rallapalli, Montgomery, 2015). Also, buying by taking loans is more common in US as compared to Chinese society. In chine, there is a culture of saving and people buy once they save enough is more common. In US, people easily take loans because of their inability to control their whims and desires and also show off. This can also be explained by the parameter of Indulgence of Hofstedes model. Brand trust Organizations in China have faced lot of quality issues in the past and hence lose their credibility. Though, Chinese products are cheap but there is often substandard, cheap raw material copied and influenced by something expensive. Chinese have copied all the expensive US brands and selling them at very cheap price in local markets. Chinese tends to imitate (Rallapalli, Montgomery, 2015). In US, Innovation is more and also quality is also really very high. Health Conscious People is US are not very health conscious and eats lot of processed foods. Obesity and Diabetes is very common in US. In China, People dont prefer to eat processed foods. Instead they cook fresh food every time. They are more health conscious and believe in living balanced life. Divorce rates Divorce is much more popular in US culture as compared to China. In US, people dont hesitate to take divorce if there is any trouble since people dont care much about their reputation and image in the society. However, in china, divorce rate is very low (Meisel, Ning, Campbell, Goodie, 2016). People generally avoid their decisions to take divorce in small matters. They take divorce unless it is absolutely necessary. People who are divorced are looked down in the society and Chinese people are very much conscious about their reputation and image in the society. Social structure In china, political and social structure is hierarchical and formal and people generally socialized with the people in their structures while in US, it is not uncommon to see people socializing with anyone as there are not many rules and structure is more loose and informal. In China, even on business organizations, families and corporations, there is strict hierarchical structure. Parents make decision for their children on their behalf however in US, the structure is more kind of flat and there is greater comfort level between parents and children, management and employees. All the decisions involve discussion. In US, parents do make decisions for their children. In fact, rules are very strict in US, children can complain to police also if parents are trying to force their decisions on children (Su, Li, Lin, Xu, Zhu, 2013). In organizations, also management involves employees in discussion before taking decisions. Conflict Management In US, People manage conflict by confronting each other face to face. Debates and arguments are very much possible. However, this is not the case in China. In China, lot of things like power, position, and respect goes along with the conflict management. People tend to avoid conflicts with those who have higher power and position no matter what the truth is. Business relations In US, business meetings tend to focus more on agenda and business problem rather than socializing. In China, people socialize with each other, spends time with each other even in business relations. In US, while hiring, merit and skills are given much more importance. In china, referrals and contacts are also required to get a job along with a good feedback from previous employers (Bedford, 2016). Morals Chinese are high on morals be it religious or ethical. There are not rules but inherent in society due to reputation that dating is not much encouraged at young age. In American culture, there is complete freedom about dating, marriages and divorces. People generally dont care about society while taking decisions. Conclusion Based on the above discussion it can be said that both USA and China have different cultures. USA is a developed nations and China would have a lot of benchmarking to done against the cultural factors or cultural attributes of USA that make it an advanced nation. The global markets and international trade has emerge as a platform where the cultural gaps could be minimized. It is expected that the culture of these two countries would see some convergence as the global market continues to expand and international trade continue to increase. References Alon, I., Jaffe, E., Vianelli, D. (2013).Global marketing: contemporary theory, practice, and cases. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, c2013. xxi, 602 pages: illustrations, maps; 26 cm. Ali, H., Azimah Chew Abdullah, N., Subramaniam, C. (2009). Management practice in safety culture and its influence on workplace injury: An industrial study in Malaysia.Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal,18(5), 470-477. Retrieved form: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09653560911003660 Ahadi, S. A., Rothbart, M. K., Ye, R. (1993). Children's temperament in the US and China: Similarities and differences. European Journal of Personality, 7(5), 359-378. Bedford, O. (2016). Crossing Boundaries An Exploration of Business Socializing (Ying Chou for Guanxi) in a Chinese Society. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 290-306. Bishop, H., Hoang, D. T., Boone, C., Steinberg, D. H. (2016, January). CUSTOMER SERVICE HOFSTEDES CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN CHINA THE USA AMONG ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROFESSIONALS. In Allied Academies International Conference. Academy of Management Information and Decision Sciences. Proceedings (Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 2). Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc. https://www.geert-hofstede.com/ Meisel, M. K., Ning, H., Campbell, W. K., Goodie, A. S. (2016). Narcissism, Overconfidence, and Risk Taking in US and Chinese Student Samples. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(3), 385-400. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014). Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Meissner, H. G. (2012).Strategic international marketing. Springer Science Business Media. Martin, J., Frost, P. (2011). The organizational culture war games.Sociology of organizations: Structures and relationships,315. Naranjo-Valencia, J. C., Jimnez-Jimnez, D., Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation or imitation? The role of organizational culture.Management Decision,49(1), 55-72. Ochieng, E. G., Price, A. D. F., Ruan, X., Egbu, C. O., Moore, D. (2013). The effect of cross-cultural uncertainty and complexity within multicultural construction teams.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,20(3), 307-324. Papadopoulos, N., Heslop, L. A. (2014).Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Rallapalli, K. C., Montgomery, C. D. (2015). Marketing Strategies For Asian-Americans: Guidelines Based on Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions. In Minority Marketing: Research Perspectives for the 1990s (pp. 73-77). Springer International Publishing. Samaha, S. A., Beck, J. T., Palmatier, R. W. (2014). The role of culture in international relationship marketing.Journal of Marketing,78(5), 78-98. Shafaei, A., Razak, N. A. (2016). International Postgraduate Students Cross-Cultural Adaptation in Malaysia: Antecedents and Outcomes.Research in Higher Education, 1-29. Su, S., Li, X., Lin, D., Xu, X., Zhu, M. (2013). Psychological adjustment among leftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ behind children in rural China: the role of parental migration and parentchild communication. Child: care, health and development, 39(2), 162-170. Talhelm, T., Zhang, X., Oishi, S., Shimin, C., Duan, D., Lan, X., Kitayama, S. (2014). Large-scale psychological differences within China explained by rice versus wheat agriculture. Science, 344(6184), 603-608. Tung, R. L., Verbeke, A. (2010). Beyond Hofstede and GLOBE: Improving the quality of cross-cultural research.Journal of International Business Studies,41(8), 1259-1274. Van den Bos, K., Brockner, J., van den Oudenalder, M., Kamble, S. V., Nasabi, A. (2013). Delineating a method to study cross-cultural differences with experimental control: The voice effect and countercultural contexts regarding power distance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(4), 624-634.

The History of Voting Essay Example For Students

The History of Voting Essay Throughout the history of the U.S., voting has been a very important part of the way that our country is run, because voting has been very important so then has been public opinion. The founding fathers were afraid of the opinions of a misinformed or ignorant public. Due to this fear they set up checks on public opinion such as the Electoral College. In this way it shows that in the 1700s as in the present that public opinion is very important and confusing. The authors Walter Lippmann, V.O. Key, Jr., George Gallup, James Prothro, and Charles Grigg all believe that public opinion is very important for the effect it as on the government. In Walter Lippmanns article The Pseudo-Environment of Public Opinion Lippmann believes that public opinion is very important because it can negatively sway how the government acts. We will write a custom essay on The History of Voting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He believes that public opinion can be swayed all too easily by the passions. In addition to that, Lippmann also believes that the publics perception of the world is not accurate in relation to the way that the world really is. Lippmann believes that the general public is ignorant so that for public opinion to be valid the public would have to be better educated. This article indicates that even if public opinion is misinformed or swayed by the passions it is still very important because of the impact it has on government. V.O. Key, Jr. also wrote an article on public opinion called Leaders Mold and Influence Public Opinion. This article is about how the countrys leaders shape public opinion. Key agrees in general with Lippmann in that public opinion can negatively affect government because the public is generally misinformed, ignorant, and that there beliefs are based on a pseudo-environment. Key believes that the leaders of this country should not strictly follow the will of the masses, and that the leaders should be the ones doing the leading. Contrary to Lippmann, Key writes that the public is misinformed because the government has given the people the wrong or misleading information. Also that the public is in a pseudo-environment because the government has lead the public astray, or given them wrong information either on purpose or not. Based on this reading it is fair to say that Key believes that the leaders should not always follow public opinion, but public opinion is still very important because the leaders should be keeping the public well informed sot that the people can make better choices. George Gallup writes in Polling the Public that public opinion is very important and can be judged by a variety of ways. Gallup believes that to gauge public opinion you should poll them asking them a variety of questions in order to get the publics opinion on any given matter. Contrary to Lippmann and Key, Gallup does not believe that public opinion is bad, that they are misinformed or that they are ignorant. In fact Gallup writes that public opinion is very good. Gallup believes this because that while the majority of the American people are not geniuses, they are smart people and their views should be listened to. It is fair to say that from this essay Gallup believes that in a democratic society the will of the people should be heard in order to maintain the democracy in the republic. Gallup shows that he believes public opinion is very important for the leaders to listen to, and can be understood through polling. James Prothro and Charles Grigg co-wrote an article entitled What do Americans Really Believe?. This article goes along the same general lines of the article written by George Gallup in respect to how the leaders should listen to the public. Prothro and Grigg both believe, as does Gallup that public opinion is very important and that the leaders of this country should listen to the voice of the people. .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed , .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .postImageUrl , .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed , .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed:hover , .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed:visited , .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed:active { border:0!important; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed:active , .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c2502f0a1be499aa0cce532931373ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Product Layouts Essay One very important way that Prothro and Griggs article differs from Gallups article is that they believe it is hard to gauge public opinion. This leads to Prothro and Griggs main point: the masses can agree with the general, or abstract statement, but when you get into the small details about the statement people .

buy custom Decision Making Models essay

buy custom Decision Making Models essay Organizational decision making is a process that transpires particularly if value creation for the stakeholders is part of the problem solving solution. There are a series of decisions that are made by manager, some of which including both programmed and non-programmed decisions. Decisions that are developed through the norms, rules and the organizations operating procedures is referred to as programmed decisions while the non-programmed decisions are those that are not managed by any organizational rules, are new and are not structured. In order to solve the organizational problems that occur, managers use their personal intuition and judgment whenever the aim at solving the problems. The efficiency of the organization is increased and its costs reduced through the use of programmed decisions while non-programmed decisions play an important role when it comes to managing and adapting the ever changing environment. There are two broad categories of decision making models. These are the traditional models which illustrate the process of decision making as a rational process while the newer models illustrate decision making as inherently uncertain. The rational model process recommends that there are three stages involved in decision making process. The first step entails the identification of the problem where the environment is analyzed, and the threats and opportunities are recognized. The second step involves the generation of alternatives where opportunities and threats are responded to through the skills analyzed by the managers. The third step in the rational model involves the selection of the best solution by the managers particularly if uncertainty does not exist. The rational model assumption is described as rather unrealistic because managers do not necessarily have the ability of making the right decision and in the process maximize the stakeholders value. The more recent models involve the Carnegie model satisficing where the managers determine evaluation criteria for the solution as well as the limiting the alternative range. The advantages of the procsses involved in this model is that it is less costly and involves less work when compared to the detailed searching that is accompanied by the bounded rationality. The managers are not restricted in this model and their ability to process information is not limited. The Carnegie model on the other hand involves several disadvantages which include the managers not having sufficient information on all possible organizational alternatives that are involved. The dominant coalition also must be approved by the dominant coalition and changes overtime due to a change in the interest rates and in turn influence the change decision making. It is more accurate than the rational model since goals are met by the good solution got by the managers. The second model on the recent categories is the Incrementalist Model. This model suggests that in order to reduce risks, managers are bound to choose actions that are close to the past. The advantage with this model is that it gives managers the avenue of avoiding and correcting mistakes. This is made possible by simply preventing the evaluation of all the alternatives before selecting the appropriate one by the making of an incremental changes sequence. The main disadvantage with this model is that managers can mistakenly choose to use actions that can not bring the expected results. This model is also only suitable for stable environments but its responses turns out to be slower in a dynamic environment and hence results to organizational decline. The third model of the recent categories of organizational decision making process is the unstructured model. This model was developed by Henry Mintzberg and involves making of organizational decisions under very high circumstances of uncertainty. Before the making of a major decision, there is a series of little steps that is followed. The first step involved in this model is the stage of identification where routines for recognition of problems are developed by the managers. The second step in this model is the development stage where problem solving alternatives are developed by the managers. Thee third and the last step in this model is the selection stage. In this stage, the strength of this model is clearly depicted since decisions are made by the manager through the use of intuition, judgment, and formal analysis. The unstructured decision models and is very involving since it requires alternatives of rethinking in the face of obstacles and starting every bit of the process from scratch. The weakness of this model is that the process of making decisions develops in a rather an unpredictable approach. If at all the changing situations are to be responded to, there is great need for the manager to use intuition which generally requires the continuous adaptation. Non-programmed decisions are apparently made by the unstructured model while the programmed decisions happen to be made by the incrementalist model. The most appropriate of the three principal models of the public sector organizational decision making is the Carnegie model. This is because it happens to be less costly and coincidentally involves less work. It also favors the managers as it does not restrict them or limit their ability to process information. This model favors the decisions made under it since it reduces the cases of uncertainty and consequently reduce any chances of failure of the decisions made under it. There is a great possibility of the survival and prosperity of the companies using this model since it promotes the making of the right decisions. It advocates for the learning of new behaviors and doing away with the past and inefficient behaviors thus leads to making of good decisions. Better non-programmed decisions are thus made by the managers through the great assistance by organizational learning. The better understanding of the public sector organizational decision making models and processes is very essential for the success of any organization. Through such understanding organizational effectiveness is enhanced. The organizations that uses the most appropriate of the three principal models gets an upper hand compared to other competitors and hence dominate the market. Buy custom Decision Making Models essay

Free Essays on Early Theories Of Motivation

In the early theories of motivation there are three theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, McGregor’s Theories X and Y, and Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Although explanation of motivation has changed over the years, you should be familiar with these early theories for two reasons. The first reason is they represent the foundation from which contemporary motivation theories were developed. Secondly, practicing mangers continue to regularly use these theories and their terminology in explaining employee motivation. One of the early theories of motivation is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory which is the best known theory of motivation. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs. These five needs consist of physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization needs explanation as follows: A physiological need is food, drink, shelter, sexual satisfaction and other physi cal requirements, Safety needs: security and protection from physical and emotional harm, as well as, assurance that physical needs will continue to be met, Social needs: affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship, Esteem needs: internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy, and achievement and external esteem factors such as status, recognition and attention, Self-actualization needs: growth, achieving ones potential and self-fulfillment, the drive to become what their capable of becoming. Maslow argued in terms of motivation that each level in the hierarchy must be substantially satisfied before the next is activated and that once a need is satisfied if no longer motivate behavior. Therefore, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. Understand from a viewpoint of motivation Maslow’s Theory proposed that although no need is ever fully satisfied. A substantially satisfied need will no longer motivate an individual. Accordin ... Free Essays on Early Theories Of Motivation Free Essays on Early Theories Of Motivation In the early theories of motivation there are three theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, McGregor’s Theories X and Y, and Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Although explanation of motivation has changed over the years, you should be familiar with these early theories for two reasons. The first reason is they represent the foundation from which contemporary motivation theories were developed. Secondly, practicing mangers continue to regularly use these theories and their terminology in explaining employee motivation. One of the early theories of motivation is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory which is the best known theory of motivation. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs. These five needs consist of physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization needs explanation as follows: A physiological need is food, drink, shelter, sexual satisfaction and other physi cal requirements, Safety needs: security and protection from physical and emotional harm, as well as, assurance that physical needs will continue to be met, Social needs: affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship, Esteem needs: internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy, and achievement and external esteem factors such as status, recognition and attention, Self-actualization needs: growth, achieving ones potential and self-fulfillment, the drive to become what their capable of becoming. Maslow argued in terms of motivation that each level in the hierarchy must be substantially satisfied before the next is activated and that once a need is satisfied if no longer motivate behavior. Therefore, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. Understand from a viewpoint of motivation Maslow’s Theory proposed that although no need is ever fully satisfied. A substantially satisfied need will no longer motivate an individual. Accordin ...

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Financial Management - Essay Example Public facilities are those centers that provide service to the entire public at large, for example, a pack or a sport stadium. People will enjoy using the facilities, but none of them would be willing to personally pay for the entire cost incurred in establishing the facility. In most cases, such facilities are the only of their kind in the entire country which makes them monopolies in nature. The second government intervention to protect the external environment, would be in response to business practices that negatively impact the public; such as air pollution. For example, the negative impact that would result from air pollution does not by any means affect the business’s cost in production but it does affect the society. Therefore, the government may increase the tax on the product to raise its production cost as a way of regulating such practices (Finkler 5). Increase in production cost would hinder the entry of other entities in production of the same product making one entity the only producer. Lastly, the government may intervene to avoid many businesses entities crowding in a particular field. For example, the government would not prefer many electric industries since it would be a waste of resource to putting up so many posts and wire in the streets. Doing this makes the electric industry a monopoly. In conclusion, monopolies are therefore legal entities because the government contributes in their formation. In addition, government bodies, non- profit- organizations and health care organizations that offer services similar to private organizations but in a subsidies cost are other forms of

On the Genealogy of Morals, by Nietzsche Assignment

On the Genealogy of Morals, by Nietzsche - Assignment Example th how some of us are â€Å"slaves† and some of us â€Å"masters.† Nietzsche asserts that the slaves find happiness in the unhappiness of the masters, resulting in a sense of â€Å"Slave Morality† that challenges the hierarchical terms of what is good or bad, and puts a face behind the oppressed. â€Å"The real genius of the slave rebellion, according to Nietzsche, is in its going beyond a s simple inversion of value types†¦the creation of a subject ‘behind’ the actual deed (131).† Slave Morality introduces impartial value through reflective rationality, a term that makes the person making judgments question their intentions and motives. This, in turn, introduces the idea of the impartial subject. Slave morality introduced impartial value â€Å"slave morality is the morality of impartial value in that it is the morality of the value chosen by an allegedly impartial subject (112).† This impartial subject is in himself neither master or slave, but can freely chose to behave and to evaluate as either one or the other (123).† This progression through slave morality, reflective rationality and impartial value is important to understanding Nietzchean

Diverse Families Essay Example for Free

Diverse Families Essay The modern society is marked with many challenges, which are transforming the traditional social way of life. For instance, the traditional two parent family seems to be losing the originality and substance which was associated with it in the past. This is evidenced by the increasingly high rate of divorce which has resulted to high number of single parented and remarried families. Clearly the challenge in this matter is encountered in appreciating that a two parent family is full of challenges which when left unattended can result into far reaching effects. Many people therefore find solution to these challenges in single parent and remarried families. This fact is underscored by sociologist Paul Bohannan who defines divorcees as people who have failed in their marriage but would also do not like to settle in a bad marriage (Gladding, 2002). This paper is written with an interest of discussing how single and remarried families differ from traditional Two-parent families as well as discussing their challenges and strength. How Single parent and Remarried families are treated differently from traditional two parent families. Single parent and remarried families are treated as failures of their original two parent family in the modern society. This is because the society still holds the sanctity and originality of a two parent family at esteem and as a command from their supreme being (Gladding, 2002). They therefore believe that any deviation from this command is a betrayal of their religion’s requirement and has a well defined punishment documented in their holy doctrines. Further to this, many religions hold that all men and women must marry and stay in their marriages irrespective of the challenges they meet. Single parent and remarried families are therefore depicted as non official and against the requirements of the Supreme Being (Harris, Abernethy, Smenta, 2000). Still to be noted here is the perception that single parents and remarried parents are sexually immoral. In the modern society, sexual immorality is still perceived to be more pronounced and associated with women than men. This compounded by the fact the number of unmarried single parents are women. To avoid being branded a feminist, I find it necessary to mention here that the considerable number of unmarried single parented men in the society cannot be ignored in this discussion. This perception is overstressed by the fact that human beings reproduce through sexuality which is believed by many members of our society to be legitimate only when it occurs during marriage and with only one partner in life time (Harris, Abernethy, Smenta, 2000). Based on this discussion, it is apparent that having children outside the wed lock or divorcing as well as remarrying another partner and having other children is treated as a form of sexual immorality which in the broad and normal sense of the word is not acceptable in the society. Strengths and special challenges associated with culturally diverse families Single parent families face a number of challenges in the society. Top on the list of these challenges is financial problems. Available statistical research results shows that single parent families have financial problems, which are more severe than in the case of two parent families (Gladding, 2002). As a matter of fact, the financial contribution of one parent cannot be compared to the contribution of two parents. This fact becomes worse if the family was rendered single parented by divorce. This is because the family might have been used to a given standard of living which changes all of a sudden due to lack of financial support from the other partner. As a result, a period of stress and depression follows before the divorced person adapts to the new ways of living. This challenge becomes more serious if the parent undergoing this traumatizing experience has the custody of the children. Remarried families have for long faced the challenge of neglect. This is evidenced in cases where one of the parents had children. It therefore follows that each of the parents has to appreciate each other as well as loving the children. It is believed that the biggest gift an individual can give to his or her partner is by loving the kids (Harris, Abernethy, Smenta, 2000). This undoubtedly shows that you where not only looking for a spouse but you were willing to join a family. However, available studies shows that in many a time, people find it hard to love kids whom they have not fathered or mothered. The desire to have a spouse can overcome the importance of loving the kinds and hence it can amount into another form of conflict of interest (Gladding, 2002). This problem is compounded by the possibility of getting in the present marriage what was lacking in the previous marriage or life. The effect of neglect is also evidenced in cases where the grand parents or either of the parents fails to recognize the step children and therefore they deny them their right of inheritance. One of the major strengths associated with the single parent and the remarried families is that they are put in a position to enjoy there life as well as to enhance the goodness of their children (Gladding, 2002). Some family relationships are marked with many challenges which can have negative far reaching effects and therefore detaching from a non satisfying marriage gives an individual an opportunity to restructure his or her life as well as the life of the children. Although it is argued that divorcees are marriage fails. It is also important to appreciate that they are people who are not willing to stick into a bad marriage. In conclusion therefore, single parent and remarried people are perceived negatively in the society as compared to the two parent family but this kind of family can be a solution to other problems which otherwise could be more hurting to the parent and the kinds at large. References Gladding, S. (2002). Family Therapy: History, Theory, and Practice. Michigan: Merrill. Harris, A. , Abernethy, A. , Smenta, J. (2000). Adolescent-Parent Interactions in Middle-Class African American Families: Longitudinal Change and Contextual Variations. Journal of Family Psychology, 14 (3), 458-474.

Identity, Intersubjectivity and Communicative Action :: Philosophy Hume Papers

Identity, Intersubjectivity and Communicative Action Traditionally, attempts to verify communications between individuals and cultures appeal to 'public' objects, essential structures of experience, or universal reason. Contemporary continental philosophy demonstrates that not only such appeals, but fortuitously also the very conception of isolated individuals and cultures whose communication such appeals were designed to insure, are problematic. Indeed we encounter and understand ourselves, and are also originally constituted, in relation to others. In view of this the traditional problem of communication is inverted and becomes that of how we are sufficiently differentiated from one another such that communication might appear problematic. Following Hume's recognition that we cannot in principle have any experience of an experience transcending objectivity as such, Husserl's Phenomenological Epoche (1) suspends judgement on whether or not such a realm of "things-in-themselves" exists. Thus our experiences of material objects and descriptions thereof can no more be shown to correspond to such an "objective" standard than can our experiences and descriptions of immaterial objects and conscious states. Consequently interpersonal and intercultural communications concerning the supposedly "public" objects etc. of the material world seem no less problematic than Wittgenstein (2) and others have shown communication concerning the "private" objects of the immaterial world (of fantasies, dreams etc.) to be. Accepting that we cannot establish the "objectivity" of our experiences' content, Kant nevertheless attempts to resist a slide into relativism by insisting that they are mediated by rationally delineated categories which supposedly insure the transcendental or universal nature of their form, thereby providing an absolute standard against which we might check the veridicality of our descriptions of, and communications concerning, them. However as a priori preconditions of the possibility of experience such categories are obviously inexperienceable in themselves, and consequently must also fall to the phenomenological reduction. (3) Nevertheless, a moments reflection will confirm that our experiences do indeed exhibit structure or form, and that we are able, even from within, or wholly upon the basis of, the (phenomenologically reduced) realm of, our experiences per se, to distinguish between the flux of constantly changing and interrupted subjective appearances, and the relatively unc hanging and continuously existing objects constituted therein. Husserl confirms: ... cognitive acts, more generally, any mental acts, are not isolated particulars, coming or going in the stream of consciousness without any interconnections. As they are ESSENTIALLY related to one another, they display a teleological coherence and corresponding connections ... And on these connections, which present an intelligible unity a great deal depends.

Padre Island

Jose Esquivel Professor Matthew Mayo English 1301 12 December 2012 Padre Island To catch a glimpse of the color wheel of flowers that is blossoming in the cool, brisk wind with the essences of freshness in the air. This can mean one thing, that spring has arrived and it is now that times to take the long awaited getaway to an island of fun in the sun. A place where memories are made, and worries are forgotten, the magnificent Padre Island. Padre Island extends roughly 130 miles along the South Texas coast; from Corpus Christi to Port Isabel, and has seen its share of Indians, pirates, hurricanes and many shipwrecks.You might have heard of South Padre Island or perhaps heard of Padre Island, but who is the Padre, and what connection does he have with the island? Padre Island got its name from Jose Nicolas Balli a Catholic priest from Spain who owned it for nearly thirty years. Padre is a word defined as a traditional form of address for Catholic priests. After being granted the island by King Carlos III Padre Balli established a ranch on this island raising over one thousand longhorn cattle, horses’ mules and sheep with his nephew Juan Jose Balli as foreman by his side.Aside from ranch raising Padre Balli also established cathedrals and missions to Christianize the Karankawa Indians and to serve the people who worked on the ranch. In 1821 Mexico won their Independence from Spain. During the revolution all of Padre Balli’s letters and exclusive right documents that gave him title to the island were lost or destroyed. Therefore, Padre Balli had to reapply this time to the Mexican government to confirm the titles of the island to him, only now he names his nephew Juan Jose Balli as partner. His request was granted December 1829.However, Padre Balli had died on April 15, 1829, eight months before his petition was approved due to a rupture cerebral artery. His nephew Juan Jose Balli continued to operate the ranch with his family. The saga started around 1938 when Gilbert Kerlin a graduate fresh out of Harvard law school was given a task that would change the course of history for the Balli’s. Mr. Kerlin arrived in South Texas with the instruction from his uncle, Frederic Gilbert, to purchase the barren stretch of sand that has since become a popular Texas beach Resort.It was then, when Mr. Kerlin received a tip that it may be possible to purchase the land from the Balli’s. He came across an individual by the name of Primotivo Balli who did not speak any English but was paid $750 to sketch out a family tree and to assist in rounding up the signatures of the island heirs. It was called to mind that the Padre Island heirs carefully copied down their addresses, and waited for a check that they were promised. In doing so Mr.Kerlin promised that he will give the Balli’s money from all the royalties and minerals that is hiding beneath the island, but Kerlin never handed the money over nor was he ever seen again by th e Balli’s. Meanwhile, Kerlin leased drilling rights to Padre Island and sold its sandy surface to developers. While Mr. Kerlin was earning millions the Balli’s struggled to make ends meet. Kerlin walked away with 61,000 acres and the Laguna Madre which is a band of water between the island and the mainland. For many decades the Balli’s have tried to get back what was rightfully theirs to begin with.Kerlin never came through on his promise to the Balli’s. The Balli’s have their theories as to why so many different lawyers all of the sudden would stop representing them. The Balli’s believe that Kerlin would pay the lawyers off so a trial would not take place. Of course there was no proof of this, however, it was always very coincidental how the lawyers would back out and not represent the Balli’s as it would get closer to trial time. Finally, in 1983 a San Francisco attorney Melvin Belli told Fred Balli of Ponca City, Okla. hat he was v ery interested in the case and wants to send them documents related to their claim. It is now year 2000 and descendants of the early owners of Padre Island gathered in the courtroom waiting for justice to be served. This long awaited lawsuit will determine whether or not they were scammed out of their land and riches. When Gilber kerlin now a 90-year-old retired lawyer took the stand he defended his decision not to give the Balli heirs any shares of the mineral royalties after his 1938 purchase. Kerlin stated on the stand, â€Å"The Balli’s did not own Padre Island when they sold it. Kerlin was speaking of when Santiago Morales bought the land form Juan Jose Balli, but what Kerlin did not know is that Morales suffered from buyer’s remorse and sold the land back to Juan Jose Balli, and there is documentation that can prove this fact. After many days of deliberation the jurors awarded the heirs $1. 2 million in lost property and oil royalties. The juror also found that Kerlin owes decade’s worth of income to about 300 Balli descendants for fraud and conspiracy. The battle is won but the war has just begun.Even though the jury’s verdict was in favor for the Balli’s this is just the first step in the final process of winning a lawsuit. Kerlin can very well appeal the decision and ony until that solution is exhausted nothing will be paid out to the family. After winning the decision in 2000 now it is five years later, and the time limitation of an appeal is over. It seems like a deja vu back in the Brownsville courtroom waiting for the jurors to release their decision. Waiting anxiously, in the courtroom filled with over 300 descendents of Padre Nicolas Balli.The Texas appeals court has upheld a decision to award mineral royalties from land on Padre Island to the balli heir compensation exceeding $50 million. At first glance it seemed that this battle to get the land back was unwinnable, but as the truth comes out the Baliiâ€⠄¢s won the war by simply out gunning their enemy with evidence proving that the Balli’s are the rightful owners to Padre Island. Throughout the trials and tribulations history had been made and the Balli’s were very happy that the courts had ruled in their favor.The Balli’s knew all along what the truth was and was glad others saw it too. This popular vacation spot has so much history behind it that no one ever thinks about what this island was really meant for or what went someone went through to get back what was taken from them. It is an honor to have met and known my wife’s grandfather Fred Balli the sixth generation Balli and was the last living heir of Padre Island. It is a privilege to know firsthand the Balli family and share in their successes with the sixty five year trial that was long overdue.My wife’s family is Balli and to hear the stories about Padre Island from Trudy Balli Morin a seventh generation Balli and the daughter of Fred B alli that at one point was a paradise lost, but then returned to its rightful owners is unbelievable. I leave you with this the ending of the chant that made history possible. â€Å"Across the valley, and across the sea, the bells will ring, Viva Balli! † Work cited Balli, Cecilia. â€Å"Return to Padre. † Texas Monthly Jan. 2001: 99+. Web Balli Morin Trudy â€Å"Who is Padre Balli and What Connection Does He Have with you? † Personal interview. 28 Nov. 2012 .

Mr. Price

Place your cursor on the area where you wish to enter Information. The box will turn black; begin typing. Title: Content Area: Publisher: Hardware Required: courseware Functions: check all that apply by â€Å"left† mouse clicking In the square. Drill and practice Simulation Instructional gaming Problem solving Tutorial Other Many characteristics should be considered when selecting courseware for use in one's classroom or lab, but the following should be considered essential qualities for ny instructional product on the computer.If courseware does not meet these criteria, It should not be considered for purchase. For each item, check (left mouse click), all that are appropriate for the courseware under review. l. Instructional Design and Pedagogical Soundness Teaching strategy appropriate for student level and based on best-known methods. Presentation on screen contains nothing that misleads or confuses students. Readability and difficulty at an appropriate level for students w ho will use it Comments to students not abusive or insulting Graphics fulfill important purpose (motivation, information) and are not distracting to learners.Criteria specific to drill and practice functions High degree of control over presentation rate (unless the method is timed review). Appropriate feedback for correct answers (none, if timed; not elaborate or time- consuming) Feedback more reinforcing for correct than for incorrect responses. Criteria specific to tutorials High degree of interactivity (not just reading information). High degree of user control (forward and backward movement, branching upon request). omprehensive teaching sequence so Instruction Is self-contained and stand-alone.Adequate answer-judging capabilities for student-constructed answers to questions Criteria specific to simulations Appropriate degree of fidelity (accurate depiction of system being modeled) Good documentation available on how program works. Criteria specific to instructional games: Low q uotient of violence or combat-type activities 1 OF2 Amount 0T pnyslcal aexterlty requlrea approprlate to students Content No grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors on screen. and current No racial, ethnic, or gender stereotypes. no wlll use It. II.All content accurate Sensitive treatment of moral and/or social issues (e. g. , perspectives on war or capital punishment) Ill. User Flexibility User normally has some control of movement within the program (e. g. , can go from screen to screen at desired rate; can read text at desired rate; can exit program when desired). Can turn off sound, if desired ‘V. Technical Soundness Program loads consistently, without error. Program does not break, no matter what the student enters. the screen says it should do. Decision Recommended for purchase Not recommended Comments: Program does what

Environmentalism as a Religion Essay Example

Environmentalism as a Religion Essay Example Environmentalism as a Religion Paper Environmentalism as a Religion Paper I agree Robins opinion. Like religion, environmentalism has difference tribe, environmentalist like a missionary, environmentalism and religion both have food taboos and they also both no logical bases. In todays world have many kinds of religions, and environmentalism also has difference tribe, we may hear some difference sound form environmentalist. Rubin says, Original religions were tribal rather than universal. Each tribe had its own god or gods, and the success of the tribe was evidence that their god was stronger than He means every tribal both thinks their god is stronger. Like religions have difference tribe, environmentalists also have many kinds of tribe, some people says protect environment need protect our forest, some people says protect environment we need saving using water and power Everyone have difference opinions, and everyone think their own opinion is the best one. For example, in many counties have lights off for one hour activity. Some environmentalist agree this activity, they think this activity can increase peoples environmental awareness and we can use one hour savings power to do many things. But there have another environmentalist disagree this activity, they thinks lights off for one hour havent effect. And not only havent effect, but also is a burden on supplying power. We cant absolute say which one is right. Its because their opinion all right. Ifs like religions own god, and in every tribes eyes their god is stronger. Butte still cant say which god stronger. Think environmentalist like a missionary. Rubin says, environmentalism is a proselytizing religion(400). Environmentalist and missionary both persuade people to do something. Everyone knows missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism, and help people build a belief. Environmentalist also is other kinds of missionary. Environmentalist is a member of an environmental protection group, they tell us need protect environment. Environmentalist and missionary both publicity their own opinion and gets other peoples agree. Missionary tell us in this world have heaven and hell. If you do better things, and youre a good person, after you died you will have chance go to heaven, if you do more bad things, you will go to hell. God will help you and God is with you. Missionary give us a hope. Environmentalist tells us, the earth is our unique home, and we must take care of it. If we protect earth, we will get a better environment, we can live more happiness. But if we dont protect earth, we will face more and more environment problem, global warming intensifies, glaciers melt and forests reduced. We can live in earth. So, if we protect environment, it will be better. Environmentalist also gives people a hope. Rubin says, There are food taboos. Instead of eating fish on Friday, or avoiding pork, Greens now eat organic foods and many are moving towards eating only locally grown He means environmentalism like religion also has food taboos. Animals protect is a kind of environment protect. Because if we dont protect animals, it will lead many mind of animals become extinct. Every existent thing has a cause. We can break ecological balance. If we break ecological balance, finally will affect environment. People and animals need co-exist harmoniously. I often received some leaflets about tell us less meat, we need protect animals, and animal is our friend. Christian and Buddhism advocate all living things equality. Human and animals have equality status. And Buddhists even just eat vegetable; they dont eat any meat at all time. Islam also doesnt eat pork. So, religion and environmentalism will have same effect for protect animals. Environmentalism is a special religion. Religion has belief. Rubin says, Belief systems are embraced with no logical Christians belief is believe God; Buddhism belief is all living things equality. But God is it really exists? We cant say yes or no, because we cant testify it. And everything is it really equality? Dont thing so, if really equality that will havent rich or poor. So belief systems are no logical basis, we cant use normal way to things this problem. Environmentalism also has belief that is protect environment. Rubin says, Environmentalists almost universally believe in the dangers of global arming but also reject the best solution to the problem, which is nuclear power'(400). Environmentalist has their own belief, they believe they can protect environment, but they do not want use the best way. Maybe many people cant have a relation between environmentalism and religion. But really have relation, and they have many same characteristic. So, I want say environmentalism is a special religion. Works cited Rubin, Paul H. Environmentalism as religion. Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide. 12th deed. Deed. Laurie G. Kerosene and Stephen R. Mandela. Boston: Bedford, 2012. 399-401. Ring. Rubin says, There are food taboos.

The Traits Model of Leadership

The Traits Model of Leadership Hashtag: #labourleadership Mark of a Good Leader The Traits Model of Leadership There is a popular impression that being an intellectual is one thing and being an effective leader is another. Intellectuals, according to the literature, are often seen as eccentric, iconoclast, awkward, irresponsible, self-absorbed, and individualistic thus incapable of leading collective activities.   For instance, in relation to #labourleadership or UK’s Labour Party leadership where alleged anti-austerity Jeremy Corbyn was recently elected, several politicians who led this political party in the past were not effective leaders. The late Michael Foot according to author Bruce Macfarlane had very strong academic and intellectual credentials but was not prepared to compromise his beliefs for the sake of political expediency. In fact, he is always remembered as the leader who endorsed the dispatched of the task force in the Falklands War in 1982 and led the Labor Party to its greatest election defeat in 1983. The traits model of leadership suggests that the characteristics of a person are a predictor of both successful and unsuccessful leaders.   For instance, although an intelligent, self-confident, determined, honorable, and sociable person has the capacity to be a leader, he or she according to study needs to possess the five personality factors – neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. These personality factors suggest that the most effective leaders have tendencies to be depressed, anxious, insecure, and hostile. They are not only sociable and assertive, and have positive energy, but informed, creative, insightful, and curious. They are people that have the tendency to accept, confirm, trust, and nurture. Finally, they are systematic, prepared controlled, dependable, and decisive individuals. A leader, according to the literature needs to be effective in guiding the conduct of others, thus must be effective in conveying meanings and intentions, and in receiving them. A leader for that matter does not necessarily need to be an intellectual, a quality of a person that according to organization and management expert and author Chester Bernard does not work well with leadership.   The reason is that people with superior intellect and greater intellectual accomplishments are often absent-minded, non-punctual, non-decisive, and not interested in people.   Although intellectual abilities are sometimes a critical element in leadership, it is not a substitute for the other essential qualities of leadership such as those mentioned earlier. You may like these articles: Combining Academic Knowledge and Practicality Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds The Value of Academic Debate Practice What You Preach Who and What Deserve Respect? None Creature Can Fly with Just One Wing Successful leadership occurs where heart and mind meet, the two powerful wings that allow a leader to excel.   According to the study, leaders need to have enough intellect in order to understand and perform the tasks at hand, a quality that gets people in the leadership door. However, although intellect is considered a fundamental leadership trait, it is not enough to make a leader. For instance, aside from intellect, a leader need to motivate, guide, inspire, listen, persuade, and create resonance in order to execute a vision. Intellect, according to Albert Einstein, has â€Å"powerful muscles, but no personality†¦it can serve but cannot lead†.   Moreover, Swami Vivekananda, a key figure in Indian philosophy noted in one of his London lectures that â€Å"intellect is blind and cannot move by itselfInactive secondary help, the real help is feeling†.   Moreover, intellect without feelings cannot generate â€Å"authentic power†, the sustainable type of power over individual and organizations that according to the literature is the result of mastery of authenticity and emotional intelligence – unconditional trust, respect, honesty, truth, fairness, openness, care, and forgiveness.   Authentic power is generated by a leader’s capacity to do things with others while the quality of interactions and relationships is determined by the level of his or her emotional and social intelligence.

How Verizon Wireless Manages ethical employee behavior and creates an Research Paper

How Verizon Wireless Manages ethical employee behavior and creates an organizational culture - Research Paper Example A closer look into the code of conduct practiced by the organization, would tell us more about standards adopted by the organization in the employee behavioral aspect and its management. Verizon has set standards for the employees, which are a reflection of the core values adopted by the company like Integrity, Respect, Performance excellence and Accountability. The organization requires the employees to use their sense of judgment and be accountable for their actions. By this the employees develop a sense of responsibility and are always driven by a motivation that they are a part of this family and every decision they take would have an impact on the business. â€Å"Ethical behavior does not simply happen; it is the product of clear and direct Communication of behavioral expectations modeled from the top and demonstrated by example† (â€Å"Your code of, † 2010). Verizon provides a healthy work environment with fair and unbiased outlook. Verizon requires its employees to treat their fellow employees with ethical behavior that necessarily includes respect, dignity, integrity, fairness and honesty. Verizon’s compliance with policies such as Equal Opportunity commitment and diversity entails the organization to provide equal opportunities to all the employees irrespective of their age, sex, religion, nationality, color and other protected categories.

Experience mis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Experience mis - Assignment Example Again, Laudon & Laudon, (2011) argues that listening to the needs of the customers is a way of improving the market product produced by the market. Ensuring that communication between customers and the staff is enhanced offers a pathway for feedback. Creating barriers to new entry into the market is important to a business’ success (Laudon & Laudon, 2011). Using information systems, the restaurant can effectively provide barriers to any new entrants in the market. For example, the restaurant can use customer feedback to ensure that the customers remain satisfied. Customer satisfaction leads to customer loyalty and hence any new competition finds it difficult to operate effectively. On top of that, the restaurant can use its network to research on any new product that is coming up in the market. This ensures that the customers are not enticed to shift loyalty to the new entrant because the restaurant provides all the products the customers need. Therefore, the use of information systems is paramount to the restaurant’s success in blocking any new entry of

A Summary of a Chapter Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation Essay

A Summary of a Chapter Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation - Essay Example The researcher should present all datasets in tables and figures. Joyner, Rouse, and Glatthorn, 2005, emphasize on proper development of tables and figures to show study results.Writing the Introductory Paragraph. The introduction of chapter four should remind readers of the research problem and restate it in the first sentence. Similarly, an introductory paragraph should feature a sentence that gives a succinct overview of the whole chapter. The researcher should summarize study results by referring to tables. The researcher should state the evidence. However, when the writer states the narrative, part it only highlights the significant results. Using headings to attain proper chapter organization forms an imperative aspect of a thesis or dissertation.Revise the chapter before submission to the dissertation chair for review. Revising research is important to identify any errors in grammar and format in the chapter. A good thesis or dissertation should be free of grammar errors. It s hould be clear to the readers and easily understandable. Should the dissertation require tables or figures, the researcher must ensure he fully understands the programs applied such as word and spreadsheet. The writer then considers creating rows and columns of a table and makes a hard copy draft to ensure of size. Mention the table title and table number. The book outlines how a researcher can make a table on word and spreadsheet. Based on the information, the researcher can use whatever is suitable for him or her.

Video game and console gaming addiction Essay Example for Free

Video game and console gaming addiction Essay I. The Problem and its Background A. INTRODUCTION In recent years gaming addiction (computer game addiction, console gaming addiction, or even excessive play on portable systems) has received increased attention not only from the media, but also from psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health organizations, and gamers themselves. Gaming addiction is not yet classified as a mental health disorder or true addiction like gambling or alcohol addiction. However, some gamers clearly struggle to keep their playing habits under control and may place more importance on their gaming accomplishments than their happiness and success in the real world (e. g. , academic achievement, friendships, relationships, career advancement, health, etc. ). B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many people or computer users have their thoughts and questions about online games. But this is some common questions that we will have to acknowledge: a.Why do students easily get addicted in computer/online games? b. What are the harmful effects in getting addicted to computer/online games? C. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY This study aimed to know why many student easily get addicted to computer games and the harmful effects of computer/online games. D. DEFINITION OF TERMS †¢ Addiction- is the continued use of a mood altering substance or behavior despite adverse dependency consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors. †¢ Online Game- is a video game played over some form of computer network, using a personal computer or video game console. This network is usually the internet or equivalent technology, but games have always used whatever technology was current: modems before the Internet, and hard wired terminals before modems. The expansion of online gaming has reflected the overall expansion of computer networks from small local networks to the internet and the growth of internet access itself.

The Relationship Between Eloi and the Morlocks in The Time Machine by H

The Relationship Between Eloi and the Morlocks in The Time Machine by H.G. Wells The Time Machine was inventively written as a social critique of the Victorian Era in 1895 by Herbert George Wells, the father of modern science fiction. Wells used the novel to get the messages across on social and political problems at the time when London was on top of the world. The novel criticized mainly on communism, imperialism, capitalism, as well as Social Darwinism. The Time Machine was an adventurous science fiction novel about a Time Traveler, the inventor of a time machine who traveled to the year 802,701 A.D. In the course of his journey, he saw the degeneration and the separation of mankind through the two evolved species, the Eloi and the Morlocks, in which their relationship and their significance would be explained in this essay. When the Time Machine landed in the future, the Elois were the first creature that the Time Traveler had come across. Their name was from the imitation of the word "Elite" and they were the evolved upper classes, the protagonist, who lived above the ground. The Elois were described as being beautiful, peaceful, and graceful. They had their own language in which the Time Traveler described as having "a strange and very sweet and liquid tongue," (Wells, 25). The Elois only lived on fruits since other kinds of cattle or animals became extinct after they ate each other. According to the Time Traveler, the Elois were small and weak as if they were suffering from tuberculosis. Even though the Eloi seemed to be careless and fearless during the day, they were afraid of the dark in which they called "Dark Night". Du... ...the way. The Time Machine definitely gives an eye-opening experience for the people who were unaware of the result from the separations of the classes in the society especially the problems which were caused by capitalism and imperialism. Through the Time Traveler, H.G. Wells described his "grieved to think how brief the dream of human intellect had been. (Wells, 81). He believed that it committed suicide along the process of degeneration in which he powerfully described in this novel. He successfully criticized the Victorian Era in a way that was entertaining, exciting, and educating. Even if Wells meant for the novel to criticize the certain era, it can still be classically and universally use since this problems still last to these days. Bibliography Wells, H.G. "The Time Machine." London: J.M. Dent, 2002.

Geography SBA Essay

To identify and explain the processes which led to the formation of limestone in the areas of Bog Walk, Lluidas Vale, Ty Dixon and Moneague. Methodology On May 20, a group of 4th form Geography students from Meadowbrook High visited the different limestone areas of Lluidas Vale and The Ty Dixon Caves in St.Catherine, and Moneague in St. Ann’s. I collected data by means of photography and jotting down important details. As well as use of the senses, visual being the most effective, as well as tactile perception which was also effective. We went along to the various stops; I took my notes and asked questions thus elaborating on what I didn’t grasp properly. As the tour guide, Mr. Daley, explained the different features, expounded on their formation as well as provided suggestions for the SBA composition. This information benefits as secondary information. I faced only one challenge which was traversing the landscape in unsuitable footwear and inclement weather. Nevertheless I managed to capture the essence of the areas and their features. I tried to capture the images on the camera as best as I  could, by experimenting at different angles, ranges and utilizing close ups to capture the general importance. Analysis & Discussion Stop 1: Bog Walk Gorge Our first stop was along the road within the Bog Walk Gorge, located 5 miles south of the Bog Walk Village one of the oldest historic towns in Jamaica. While at this location, it was evident that the limestone feature formed was composed of pure limestone, because the lighter the rock is in color, is the purer its composition of limestone is. It was also observed that chemical weathering, the change in the chemical structure and sometimes physical appearance of a rock, was acting upon the rock in the form of carbonation. This is the reaction of rainwater, carbon dioxide and limestone to form calcium bicarbonate, a weak carbonic acid which is soluble, making the rock easy to decompose when it comes into contact with water. Clints and Grykes were evident, as visible in figure 1.0, contributing to weathering. Clints and grykes are a result of carbonation in the weaker joints and cracks of a rock leaving ridges and groves. The ridges are Clints and the groves are grykes. Plate 1.0 (Chemical weathering acting on the rocks) The entire gorge is rich with lush and varied vegetation which makes for some impressive and dramatic scenery. Another feature formed at the gorge was a cavern, which is a large extensive cave with a deep chamber and interconnecting passages. When the roof of a cave collapses, large depressions called gorges result, hence the name â€Å"Bog Walk Gorge†. The gorge was originally an underground river system which collapsed. The cliffs on both sides of the gorge seemed to still possess potential to collapse. The main river has a tributary coming from the Above Rocks District located in St. Andrew. The major river processes in the area are Hydraulic Action, the sheer force of flowing water on the base of the river bed, and Attrition, when rocks, carried by the river, smash together and break into smaller,  smoother particles. Stop 2: The Bog Walk Bridge Our second stop was made at the entrance to the Pleasant Hill Community, The Bog Walk Bridge; 83.9 km away from Kingston. Here we examined a bridge which was oxidizing. This is a chemical reaction in which substances combine with oxygen to form an oxide: For example, the combination of iron with oxygen to form an iron oxide (rust). I saw ridges which descended from the mountains to the lower parts. These are called interlocking spurs. There was also a flood warning system present as well. It showed the heights of the river and the level of seriousness to be taken hence flooding must be a threat to this community. Gabion basins were also observed along the banks to help keep them in place. The width of the river was approximately 10-13m wide (at points). Plate 2.0 (example of oxidation) Stop 3: Lluidas Vale, St. Catherine Our third stop was at Lluidas Vale, worthy Park in St. Catherine. At this location we observed a sinkhole which was its main feature. A sinkhole is when a joint becomes enlarged to such an extent that a deep vertical hole is created, down which a surface may disappear. A sinkhole was created due to a tributary flowing onto the surface and came upon the land rising upward and eroded the foot of the slope. Overtime the tributary then began to flow underground. Not much water was observed on the surface. The land closer to the sinkhole appeared somewhat moist. A Polje was evident at this location; this is an elongated depression or basin, formed by the synchronization of caves. A polje is found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually 5 to 400 km ². The polje occurs in Troy Formation. This limestone feature is displaced by NE-SW trending faults to produce large-scale fault blocks, which are important controls on the geomorphology of the area. Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. A more recent alluvial and limestone debris cover occurs within the vale, whereas the steeply sloping rim of the polje to the west, north and east is within Troy Formation limestone group. To the  south and southwest of the vale, rocks of the Yellow Limestone Group crop out, while further south older cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary strata are exposed. In Luidas Vale processes are dominated by mass is a plateau area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp. The Yellow Limestone Group consists of limestones (Stettin and Chapelton Formations) and clastic rocks (E.g. Guys Hill Formation). The limestone of the Yellow Limestone Group give rise to doline karsts, with low residual hills, with the dolines locally amalgamated to form uvulas in the Stettin Formation movements and surface water erosion, forming a typically dissected terrain, this is the Lluidas Vale polje which is developed within a down faulted block of Tertiary white limestone and it has a strong structural control through NW-SE trending faults. The floor of the vale also appears to be structurally controlled in that a series of down-faulted limestone blocks are present and overlain by a s equence of limestone rubble, bauxitic soils and alluvium which extends to over 30 m thickness. Lluidas Vale is a Rand- or Border-Polje in that it is not surrounded on all sides by limestone but bordered to the south by volcanic and clastic sedimentary strata of the Central Inliers in the Juan de Bolas Mountains. The latter is the source of the Rio Cobre and Murmuring Brook which flow northwards towards the vale. The Rio Cobre flows north through the centre of the vale, but turns abruptly south eastwards and flows a short distance along the fault scarp before sinking. In the polje, the river and Murmuring Brook are both ephemeral streams flowing only after rainfall. The north and northwest border of the vale is marked by well developed cockpit karst. A number of small alluvial fans occur on this part of the vale in heavy clay soils representing the residue of limestone dissolution. Much lighter alluvial soils occur on the eastern and southern part of the vale due to more frequent flooding. The western margin of the vale is marked by a less steep slope containing dolines and small conical hills grading to tower karsts towards the polje. There were also caves in the area containing stalactites, stalagmites and pillars. A stalagmite is an icicle like deposit of calcium carbonate which rises from the floor of a cave. A stalactite is another icicle like deposit of calcium carbonate hanging from the caves roof or growing downward. A pillar is a slender vertical structure of stone used as a support or for ornament. These features can be seen a diagram 1.2. The  landforms occurred on a west-facing fault scarp above Lluidas Vale polje. The area was also covered with shrubs and natural vegetation mainly closer to the slope. Stop 4: Ty Dixon During our stop at Ty Dixon where tower karsts, the name given to all landforms in areas of limestone, and dolines were evident. A doline is a funnel shaped or conical shaped solution hollow which is formed when several shallow holes unite. There seemed to be an eroded highland that left a residual hill forming tower karsts and dolines. The tower karsts seemed approximately 40m tall. A tower karst is isolated steep sided residual hills. At the base at the end of the residual hills, there were shallow caves which were generally covered with shrubs and natural vegetation. The vegetation of the area was cultivated on the flat areas, where irrigation and accessibility is better, of mainly sugar cane while in other areas, like on the tower karsts there were natural vegetation. Stop 5: Moneague Moneague was once one of the largest and most important towns in St. Ann, due to its convenient location along the main North to South. The Moneague Ponds was once located on a flood plain. While at this location houses were visible within close proximity of the ponds. Debris such as trees, trunks and barks could be seen in the pond. The soil was heavily saturated with water (waterlogged) and appeared darkened in color. The water in the pond, however was light blue and fairly clear. There was natural vegetation surrounding the pond, this is evident in plates 5.0 and 5.1 Plate 5.0 (Moneague Ponds) Plate 5.1 (Lush natural vegetation surrounding the ponds) Effect of Limestone Limestone affects the environment as it induces highly alkaline dusts which are air pollutants. It also has effects on health, in particular for those with respiratory problems. The dust also has physical effects on the surrounding plants, like it blocks and damages their internal structures and abrasion of leaves and cuticles, as well as chemical effects which may affect long-term survival. Benefit of Limestone As it has its effects, limestone also has its benefits. Adding limestone to water in order to neutralize it is known as â€Å"liming.† When limestone is added to ponds and lakes, it has the effect of adding calcium and protecting the water from becoming too acidic. The benefit of limestone in this situation is that it restores and helps to maintain the ecology of the water and makes it supportive of aquatic life. It is also an inexpensive method of slowing down acidification. Conclusion In conclusion to my studies, I have identified the features of limestone in the areas of study. Our first stop was along the Bog Walk Gorge, where the rocks composure was mainly of pure limestone. Chemical weathering was acting upon the rocks resulting in faster decomposition and the formation of clints and grykes. At our second stop, the Bog Walk Bridge, located in the Pleasant Hill community, it was observed that the community bridge was under oxidation. A flood warning system was also visible, suggesting that flooding is a threat to this community. Our stop at Lluidas Vale, Worthy Park in St. Catherine, was the most informative one. Here we observed a sink hole formed by a tributary, As well as a polje in Troy formation. To the South and South West of the vale, rocks of the Yellow Limestone Group crop out, while further south older cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary strata are exposed. In Lluidas Vale processes are dominated by mass is a plateau area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp. The floor of the vale also appears to be structurally controlled. The North and North West border of the vale is marked by well developed cockpit karsts. Much lighter alluvial soils occur on the eastern and southern parts of the vale due to more frequent flooding. The western margin of the vale is marked by a less steep  slope containing dolines and small conical hills grading to tower karsts towards the polje. There were also caves in the area containing stalactites, stalagmites and pillars. During our stop at Ty Dixon where tower karsts and dolines were evident, there seemed to be an eroded highland that left a residual hill forming tower karsts and dolines. We also came across the Moneague Ponds, which was once a flood plain and is now heavily waterlogged. Debris could be seen in the light blue color pond; the soil was heavily waterlogged and appeared dark ened in color. Bibliography http://www.discoverjamaica.com/gleaner/discover/geography/features.htm Holmes, D. and Warn, S. (2003) Fieldwork Investigations- A Self Study Guide, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2000. (1991) The Longman Atlas for Caribbean Examinations, London: Longman Caribbean. Allen-Vassell, M., Fraser, L. (1993). A Guide to Field Studies in School-based Assessment for CXC Geography. Caribbean Publishers